Zika virus

Gay Men Are Vulnerable To Sexually Transmitted Zika Too

In February, when Dallas health officials reported the first case of sexually transmitted Zika virus in the U.S., they left a key piece of information out of their report: The unnamed Dallas county patient was a man who had contracted Zika virus after unprotected anal sex with his partner, who’d recently visited Venezuela, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reported in its Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report on Thursday.

While much of the media attention surrounding sexually transmitted Zika virus has centered around heterosexual couples, due to the association with pregnancy risk, gay men and others who engage in unprotected anal sex should note that Zika virus can affect anyone.

“The take-home message is you have to consider any kind of intimate contact between an infected person with Zika and a non-infected person as a potential risk situation, regardless of gender,” Michael Osterholm, director of the Center for Infectious Diseases Research and Policy at the University of Minnesota told STAT.

The CDC’s announcement doesn’t change the agency’s recommendations for preventing the sexual transmission of Zika virus, which can be spread through semen and blood. Although Zika virus can live in saliva, it is not yet known if the virus can be transmitted from person to person that way.

Zika virus is still more serious for pregnant women
Pregnant couples need to be especially careful about avoiding Zika virus because of Zika’s link to the birth defect microcephaly, which the CDC confirmed on Wednesday (doctors and scientists had long suspected that the diseases were linked). Babies born with microcephaly have smaller than normal heads and can have underdeveloped brains and cognitive problems.

If a man who has traveled or lived in an area with active Zika transmissions has a pregnant partner, the couple should abstain from sex during the pregnancy or use condoms until the baby is born.

But sexually transmitted Zika is dangerous for gay men too
While mosquitos are still the primary vector for spreading Zika virus, the new report hints that we have more to learn about other modes of transmission.

In addition to the Dallas case, the report provided information on six probable and confirmed travel-related Zika cases in the United States involving heterosexual couples.

“This suggests that sexual transmission of Zika virus might be more common than previously reported,” the report authors wrote.

Because Zika virus’s symptoms are often mild, many people who are infected don’t even realize that they’ve had the disease. Still, men who have sex with men should care about protecting themselves from the disease. In addition to birth defects, Zika virus has been linked to two neurological conditions, encephalomyelitis and Guillain-Barré syndrome, in people recnetly infected with Zika.

The CDC currently recommends that men use condoms for vaginal, anal and oral sex for at least eight weeks after traveling to a Zika outbreak area.

 

From the CDC website:
Zika and Sexual Transmission

What we know

• Zika virus can be spread during sex by a man infected with Zika to his partners.
• In known cases of sexual transmission, the men had Zika symptoms. From these cases, we know the virus can be spread when the man has symptoms, before symptoms start, and after symptoms end.
• The virus can stay in semen longer than in blood.

What we do not know

• We do not know how long the virus can stay in the semen of men who have had Zika.
• We do not know if men infected with Zika who never develop symptoms can have the virus in their semen or spread Zika through sex.
• We do not know if a woman can spread Zika to her sex partners.
• We do not know if Zika can be spread through oral sex.
  • Although there are no known cases of Zika transmission from mouth-to-penis oral sex, Zika is known to be spread through semen. It may be possible for a man to spread Zika to his partners through oral (mouth-to-penis) sex.
  • It is not known if Zika can be spread from other body fluids that may be exchanged during oral sex, including saliva and vaginal fluids.
    
    Sexual activities that put someone at risk for Zika if their partner is infected
    Zika can be spread through sex, including vaginal and anal sex, from a man infected with Zika to his partner. We do not know if Zika can be spread through oral sex. But since Zika is known to be spread through semen, it may be possible for a man to spread Zika to his partners through oral (mouth-to-penis) sex. We do not know if Zika can be spread from other body fluids during sex, including saliva and vaginal fluids. To date, there are no known cases of a woman infected with Zika spreading it to her sex partners.
    
    For these reasons, CDC recommends either using condoms for, or not having vaginal, anal, and oral (mouth-to-penis) sex for couples with a male partner who might have Zika. There are currently no recommended precautions for other types of oral sex, including mouth-to vagina or mouth-to-anus sex.